The section of DNA that codes for a particular trait in an individual is known as a gene. Genes are the basic physical and functional units of heredity. Each gene is made up of a specific sequence of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. These sequences provide the instructions for the production of proteins, which are essential for the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
Genes are located on chromosomes, which are found in the nucleus of cells. Each chromosome contains many genes, and humans have approximately 20,000 to 25,000 genes. The specific combination of genes an individual inherits from their parents determines their unique traits, such as eye color, height, and susceptibility to certain diseases.
In summary, a gene is a segment of DNA that contains the code for a specific trait or function. This code is translated into proteins that carry out various biological processes, ultimately influencing the characteristics and health of an individual.