Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or state. One of the best examples of potential energy is a stretched bow. When you pull back the string of a bow, you are doing work against the elastic force of the bow. This work is stored as potential energy in the bow.
When you release the string, the potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, which propels the arrow forward. This example clearly illustrates how potential energy can be stored and then transformed into motion.
Another common example is a book placed on a high shelf. The book has potential energy due to its elevated position. If the book falls, this potential energy is converted into kinetic energy as it moves downward.
In both cases, the potential energy is a result of the object’s position or configuration, and it can be converted into other forms of energy when the object’s state changes.