The Appalachian Mountains are characterized by their rounded peaks and smooth ridges, a result of millions of years of erosion and geological processes. Unlike younger mountain ranges, such as the Rockies, which are still experiencing significant geological activity, the Appalachians have undergone extensive weathering.
Firstly, the age of the Appalachian Mountains plays a crucial role in their shape. They are one of the oldest mountain ranges in North America, formed over 480 million years ago during the Ordovician period. Since their formation, they have been subjected to continuous erosion due to natural forces like wind, water, and ice. This prolonged exposure to these elements has gradually worn down jagged edges and sharp peaks, resulting in the smooth and rounded appearance we see today.
Additionally, the composition of the mountains contributes to their rounded form. The Appalachians are made up of older, harder rocks that resist erosion less efficiently compared to the softer sediments found in younger mountain ranges. Over time, this has allowed for a gradual smoothing of the landscape. As a result, the interplay of age, erosion, and rock composition has sculpted the Appalachians into the rolling mountains we appreciate today.