The correct answer is a) photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells and some algae that are essential for the process of photosynthesis. During photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture sunlight and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. This process is vital for plants as it provides the energy they need to grow and thrive, while also producing oxygen, which is essential for many forms of life on Earth.
Glycolysis, on the other hand, occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and is part of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down to produce energy. Oxidation refers to various chemical reactions involving the loss of electrons, but it does not specifically occur in chloroplasts related to photosynthesis. Therefore, the only relevant process that occurs in chloroplasts is photosynthesis.