The organelle responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell is the ribosome. Ribosomes can be found floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as rough ER due to its studded appearance.
Ribosomes play a crucial role in translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptide chains, which will fold into functional proteins. They facilitate the assembly of amino acids in the order specified by the mRNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This protein synthesis process is essential for numerous cellular functions, including metabolism, signaling, and structure.
In summary, ribosomes are the main organelles that make proteins necessary for the cell’s function, ensuring the proper operation and maintenance of life processes.