Which of the following abiotic factors affects the ocean by creating disturbances that move energy through the water: a) nutrients, b) oxygen, c) salinity, d) waves?

The correct answer is d) waves.

Waves are a vital abiotic factor in the ocean. They are created by the wind and can vary in size and strength, causing disturbances in the water. This movement of water through waves is important as it transports energy across the surface of the ocean. When waves crash against the shore, they can shape coastlines, mix water layers, and facilitate the distribution of heat and nutrients within the ocean. Unlike nutrients, oxygen, or salinity, which have their own significant roles in marine ecosystems, waves are the primary mechanism for creating motion and energy transfer in the ocean.