In medieval times, doctors were often referred to as ‘physicians.’ They were part of a learned class that included educated individuals who practiced medicine based on the knowledge of ancient texts, especially those of Hippocrates and Galen.
However, the term ‘physician’ was not the only one used. There were also ‘surgeons,’ who specialized in operating and treating wounds, often considered to be a separate profession from that of physicians. Additionally, some practitioners were known as ‘apothecaries,’ who prepared and dispensed medicines and had a good knowledge of herbs and remedies.
Being a physician in the medieval era required a university education, often at institutions like the University of Bologna or the University of Paris, where they would study medicine, philosophy, and the arts. On the other hand, surgeons often learned their trade through apprenticeships, as formal education was less common in their field.
Overall, while ‘physician’ is the most commonly associated term for doctors in medieval times, the medical landscape was quite varied and included various other roles that contributed to health care in society.