Northern Humanism refers to the intellectual movement that emerged in Northern Europe during the late Renaissance period, particularly in the regions that are now the Netherlands, Germany, and England. It is characterized by a revival of classical texts and an emphasis on the study of humanity and moral philosophy, distinct from its Italian counterpart.
This movement was heavily influenced by the Humanist thinkers of Italy, but it adapted these ideas to the distinct social and political realities of Northern Europe. Northern Humanism placed a strong emphasis on religious reform, with key figures such as Desiderius Erasmus advocating for a return to original texts of the Bible and a focus on personal piety and ethical living.
Moreover, Northern Humanists often engaged with vernacular literature, promoting the use of local languages in literature and education, contrasting with the predominance of Latin in Italian humanist circles. This helped to foster a sense of national identity and contributed to the development of literature and education in various European languages.
In summary, Northern Humanism was not just a replication of Italian Humanism but a unique movement that combined classical study with a strong focus on religion, ethics, and the vernacular, ultimately contributing to significant cultural and religious shifts in Europe.