The peripheral nervous system (PNS) contains several types of cells, primarily grouped into two categories: neurons and glial (supporting) cells.
Neurons in the PNS are responsible for transmitting signals between the brain and spinal cord and the rest of the body. These include sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons. Sensory neurons carry information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system, while motor neurons transmit commands from the central nervous system to muscles, enabling movement.
Glial cells in the PNS consist mainly of Schwann cells and satellite cells. Schwann cells play a crucial role in the myelination of peripheral nerves, which helps in speeding up the transmission of electrical signals along the nerve fibers. Satellite cells, on the other hand, support and protect the neurons in the ganglia of the PNS.
In summary, the peripheral nervous system comprises neurons that facilitate communication throughout the body and glial cells that provide support and protection to these neurons.