The molecular formula C4H9OH corresponds to several structural isomers. Here are the four different isomers along with their systematic names:
- 1-Butanol (or n-Butanol): This is a straight-chain alcohol where the hydroxyl (–OH) group is at one end of the carbon chain.
- 2-Butanol: In this isomer, the hydroxyl group is on the second carbon of a straight chain, creating a secondary alcohol.
- Isobutanol (or 2-methyl-1-propanol): This is a branched-chain alcohol with three carbons in a chain and one methyl group attached to the second carbon.
- tert-Butanol (or 2-methyl-2-propanol): This isomer features a central carbon atom bonded to three methyl groups and one hydroxyl group, making it a tertiary alcohol.
Understanding these isomers is crucial in organic chemistry, as their distinct structures lead to different physical and chemical properties even though they share the same molecular formula.