The term Hellenistic Jews refers to Jewish people who were influenced by Greek culture and language, primarily living outside of Judea, often in places like Alexandria. They spoke Greek and often adopted some aspects of Greek philosophy and customs. In contrast, Hebraic Jews, sometimes referred to as Palestinian Jews, were those who primarily spoke Hebrew or Aramaic, lived in Judea or nearby regions, and adhered closely to traditional Jewish laws and customs.
The differences between these two groups can be traced back to historical events, particularly the conquests of Alexander the Great, which spread Greek culture across the Eastern Mediterranean. Over time, many Jewish communities adapted to this new environment, resulting in a blend of Greek and Jewish traditions among Hellenistic Jews. They often faced cultural and religious tensions with their Hebraic counterparts, who upheld stricter adherence to Jewish law and customs.
Understanding these distinctions is crucial for comprehending the diversity within the Jewish community during the Second Temple period, as well as the broader cultural and religious dynamics at play in the ancient world.