The Ilkhanate, established in the 13th century as part of the Mongol Empire, was notably influenced by a blend of diverse cultures and religious beliefs. While the ruling elite, particularly after the conversion of Khubilai Khan’s governor, Ghazan Khan, to Islam, aligned themselves more closely with Shia Islam, the situation was complex.
Initially, the Mongol rulers were religiously tolerant. However, as they established their authority over Persia, they began to adopt Islam more explicitly. Ghazan Khan, who ruled from 1295 to 1304, is often recognized for his pro-Shia policies, promoting Shia practices and supporting Shia scholars. This marked a significant shift toward Shia Islam, especially as it became a tool for consolidating power against Sunni rivals.
Despite this, it’s crucial to note that not all Mongol leaders adhered strictly to Shia beliefs. The Ilkhanate’s legacy includes a significant degree of syncretism, with various religious practices coexisting within its borders. Thus, while the Ilkhanate can be characterized as predominantly Shia, it also retained aspects of the diverse religious landscape that existed during its rule.