The endocrine system is made up of several key glands that produce hormones to regulate various functions in the body. Here are the main parts:
- Hypothalamus: Located in the brain, it links the nervous system to the endocrine system and controls the pituitary gland.
- Pituitary Gland: Often referred to as the ‘master gland,’ it releases hormones that influence other glands.
- Thyroid Gland: Located in the neck, it regulates metabolism, energy levels, and growth through hormones like thyroxine.
- Parathyroid Glands: Four small glands located behind the thyroid that regulate calcium levels in the blood.
- Adrenal Glands: Located on top of each kidney, they produce hormones involved in stress responses, such as cortisol and adrenaline.
- Pancreas: This gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions; it regulates blood sugar levels by producing insulin and glucagon.
- Gonads: The ovaries in females and testes in males produce sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, which affect reproductive functions.
Each of these glands plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating bodily functions, from growth and metabolism to stress response and reproduction. Understanding the functions of these components helps in learning how hormonal imbalances can affect health.