Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is classified as a strong base. It is an alkaline compound that dissolves in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH–), which are responsible for its basic properties.
When NaOH dissolves, it dissociates completely into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions. This increase in hydroxide ions makes the solution alkaline, raising the pH above 7, which is characteristic of basic solutions. In contrast, acids produce hydrogen ions (H+) in solution and typically have a pH below 7.
Sodium hydroxide is commonly used in various applications, such as in the production of soap, cleaning agents, and as a pH adjuster in swimming pools. Its potency as a base means it can also cause chemical burns upon contact with skin, so safety precautions are important when handling it.