In Islam, there were a total of four rightly guided caliphs, known as the Rashidun Caliphs. They are:
- Abu Bakr (632–634 CE)
- Umar ibn al-Khattab (634–644 CE)
- Uthman ibn Affan (644–656 CE)
- Ali ibn Abi Talib (656–661 CE)
These four caliphs were close companions of the Prophet Muhammad and played crucial roles in the early expansion and administration of the Islamic state. After these caliphs, the title of caliph continued with various dynasties, but the period of the Rashidun Caliphs is particularly significant as it represents a time of unity and leadership directly following the Prophet’s death.