The human body produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) primarily through biochemical processes involving enzymes known as oxidases. One of the key players in this process is an enzyme called NADPH oxidase, which is found in various types of cells, particularly in immune cells like neutrophils. When these immune cells are activated, NADPH oxidase facilitates the conversion of oxygen to superoxide, which is then further converted into hydrogen peroxide.
Hydrogen peroxide serves several important functions in the body. It acts as a signaling molecule, playing a critical role in cellular communication, and it helps in the defense against pathogens. Its production is part of the body’s natural immune response, where it contributes to the killing of bacteria and other harmful microorganisms. Additionally, hydrogen peroxide is involved in regulating various biological processes including apoptosis (programmed cell death) and inflammation.
While the production of hydrogen peroxide in the body is crucial for health, it is equally important to maintain a balance. Excessive amounts of hydrogen peroxide can lead to oxidative stress, which can damage cells and contribute to various diseases. Therefore, the body has mechanisms in place, such as catalase and peroxidase enzymes, that help break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, ensuring that its levels remain within a safe range.