Cellular respiration results in a net output of energy. This process involves breaking down glucose and other organic molecules to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. During cellular respiration, energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose is released and captured in the form of ATP. This ATP can then be used by the cell to perform various functions, such as muscle contraction, nerve impulse propagation, and chemical synthesis.
The overall process of cellular respiration can be summarized by the following equation:
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)
In this equation, glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) are the reactants, while carbon dioxide (CO₂), water (H₂O), and ATP are the products. The energy released during this process is used to synthesize ATP from ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).
Therefore, cellular respiration is an exergonic process, meaning it releases energy. The net output of energy in the form of ATP is what allows cells to perform their necessary functions and maintain life.