Determine the Molecular Formula and Molecular Mass for 1-Propanol, Draw its Lewis Structure, and List All Intermolecular Forces Present

Molecular Formula: The molecular formula for 1-propanol is C₃H₈O.

Molecular Mass: The molecular mass of 1-propanol can be calculated by adding the atomic masses of all the atoms in the molecule:
C (12.01 g/mol) x 3 + H (1.008 g/mol) x 8 + O (16.00 g/mol) x 1 = 60.1 g/mol.

Lewis Structure: In terms of the Lewis structure, 1-propanol can be represented as follows:

   H   H   H
   |   |   |
H-C-C-C-O-H
   |   |   |
   H   H   H

The structure shows each carbon atom bonded to sufficient hydrogen atoms and one of the carbon atoms is bonded to a hydroxyl group (–OH), which characterizes alcohols like 1-propanol.

Intermolecular Forces: The intermolecular forces present in 1-propanol include:

• Hydrogen Bonding: Due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, hydrogen bonds can form between the positive hydrogen of one molecule and the electronegative oxygen of another.
• Dipole-Dipole Interactions: The molecule has a polar O-H bond, leading to dipole attractions between molecules.
• London Dispersion Forces: These weaker forces are present due to temporary dipoles created by the movement of electrons in all molecules, including non-polar parts of the 1-propanol molecule.