The molecular geometry of HNO3, or nitric acid, is characterized by a trigonal planar shape. This configuration arises from the arrangement of its constituent atoms: one nitrogen atom (N), three oxygen atoms (O), and one hydrogen atom (H).
In HNO3, the nitrogen atom is bonded to three oxygen atoms, with one of those oxygen atoms also being connected to a hydrogen atom. The nitrogen is at the center, and the three oxygen atoms are arranged around it. This arrangement allows for the formation of bond angles close to 120 degrees, typical of a trigonal planar geometry.
Additionally, the nitrogen atom has a formal positive charge due to its bonding with three oxygen atoms and the double bond that it forms with one of them. This creates a resonance structure, contributing to the stability of the molecule and influencing its geometry.
In conclusion, the molecular geometry of HNO3 is trigonal planar, which is essential for understanding its chemical behavior and reactivity.