The Timurid Empire, which was founded by Timur (Tamerlane) in the late 14th century, began to decline in the late 15th century. The conventional date for the fall of the Timurid Empire is often cited as 1506, when the last significant Timurid ruler, Sultan Husayn Bayqara, was defeated by the Uzbeks under Muhammad Shaybani. This event marked the effective end of Timurid power in Persia and Central Asia.
After the death of Timur in 1405, the empire experienced a period of expansion and cultural flourishing, especially under Sultan Husayn Bayqara. However, internal strife, succession disputes, and the rise of regional powers, particularly the Uzbeks, led to its fragmentation and decline. By the early 16th century, the empire had splintered into smaller states, paving the way for new powers to rise in the region, including the Safavids and the Uzbeks.