The primary respiratory structure that controls breathing is the diaphragm. This dome-shaped muscle is located at the base of the lungs and plays a crucial role in the mechanics of respiration.
When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, creating more space in the chest cavity. This decrease in pressure allows air to flow into the lungs. Conversely, when the diaphragm relaxes, it rises, and air is expelled from the lungs.
In addition to the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs, also assist in the breathing process by expanding and contracting the chest cavity. The brainstem, particularly the medulla oblongata and the pons, regulates the rhythm and rate of breathing by sending signals to the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, ensuring that our body gets the oxygen it needs while also expelling carbon dioxide.