In the novel The Cay by Theodore Taylor, Philip becomes blind after a catastrophic event involving a wartime explosion. The story is set during World War II when Philip and his mother are trying to escape from the German-occupied island of Curaçao. Their vessel, however, is torpedoed by a German submarine. The traumatic incident leads to Philip suffering a head injury, which ultimately results in his blindness.
The physical loss of sight reflects his internal journey as he learns to navigate the challenges of survival and isolation on a deserted cay. Blindness serves as both a literal and metaphorical challenge, forcing Philip to rely on his instincts and the help of an older man named Timothy, who becomes his mentor and guide. As they find their way together, Philip gradually overcomes his initial fears and prejudices, showcasing his growth and resilience in the face of adversity.