An ecological role, often referred to as a species’ ‘niche,’ represents the functional position of an organism within its ecosystem. It encompasses how an organism interacts with the biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of its environment. This role can include various aspects such as what it eats, how it reproduces, how it contributes to energy flow and nutrient cycling, and its relationships with other organisms, including those it preys upon and those that prey on it.
For instance, a predator has an ecological role in controlling the population of its prey, which helps maintain balance within the ecosystem. Similarly, plants play a crucial role in producing oxygen and serving as a food source for herbivores. Understanding the ecological roles of species is essential for conservation efforts, as the loss of any species can disrupt these roles, leading to unforeseen consequences for the entire ecosystem.