In the novel Don Quixote by Miguel de Cervantes, a hidalgo refers to a member of the Spanish nobility, specifically one who is entitled to bear arms but does not hold a title of higher nobility such as a count or duke. The term comes from the Spanish phrase hijo de algo, meaning ‘son of something,’ indicating a person of noble lineage.
The character of Don Quixote, whose real name is Alonso Quijano, is described as a hidalgo. This detail is significant as it places him within a social class that, while noble, has fallen into a state of relative poverty and obscurity. The hidalgos were often landowners who could afford to live without working, yet many, like Don Quixote, were struggling financially and sought to retain their status through ideals of chivalry and honor.
Throughout the story, the concept of being a hidalgo plays a crucial role in shaping Don Quixote’s identity and his quest for becoming a knight-errant. His understanding of nobility is tied to his romanticized beliefs about chivalry, leading to the humorous and poignant adventures he undertakes in his delusion.