Air masses are classified based on their source region and characteristics. They are typically categorized into four main types:
- Maritime Tropical (mT): These air masses form over warm ocean waters, bringing warm, moist conditions typical in coastal regions.
- Continental Tropical (cT): Originating over land in warm areas, these air masses are characterized by hot, dry air.
- Maritime Polar (mP): These air masses develop over cold ocean waters, resulting in cool, moist air that can lead to cloudy and rainy conditions.
- Continental Polar (cP): Created over cold land areas, this air mass brings cool, dry air that can lead to clear skies and cooler temperatures.
Understanding these classifications helps meteorologists predict weather patterns and changes more effectively. The interaction of these air masses can lead to various weather phenomena, including storms and temperature variations.