Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and consist of three main parts:
- Amino Group: This part contains a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (-NH2). The amino group is responsible for the basic properties of amino acids and is where the name ‘amino’ comes from.
- Carboxyl Group: This functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-COOH). This acidic part of the amino acid can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) in solution, contributing to the amino acid’s acid-base properties.
- R Group (Side Chain): The R group varies among different amino acids and determines the unique characteristics, properties, and functions of each amino acid. This side chain can be as simple as a hydrogen atom or can be more complex like aromatic rings or chains of carbon and other elements.
Together, these three components give amino acids their unique structures and functions, playing a crucial role in the formation of proteins in biological organisms.