The axial skeleton is a fundamental part of the human body that provides support and protection for the brain, spinal cord, and organs in the thorax. It is primarily divided into three main parts:
- Skull: The skull is made up of bones that encase and protect the brain. It also forms the structure of the face and contains cavities that hold the eyes, ears, and other sensory organs.
- Vertebral column: Also known as the spine, the vertebral column consists of individual vertebrae stacked upon one another. It extends from the base of the skull to the tailbone and protects the spinal cord while providing flexibility and support to the upper body.
- Thoracic cage: The thoracic cage, or rib cage, is comprised of ribs and the sternum. It protects the heart and lungs, provides attachment points for muscles, and assists in the mechanics of breathing.
Each of these components plays a crucial role in maintaining the structure of the human body, allowing for movement and protecting vital organs.