With the exception of the following kingdoms, which are placed within the domain Eukarya: a) Fungi b) Plantae c) Bacteria d) Protista?

Within the domain Eukarya, the kingdoms Fungi, Plantae, and Protista are included. However, Bacteria is not part of the Eukarya domain; rather, it belongs to the domain Prokarya. Eukarya is characterized by having complex cells with a nucleus, while Bacteria consists of simpler, unicellular organisms without a nucleus.

To summarize:

  • Fungi: Includes organisms such as mushrooms and molds, which are eukaryotic.
  • Plantae: Comprises all plants, which are also eukaryotic.
  • Protista: A diverse group of mostly unicellular organisms that are classified under Eukarya.
  • Bacteria: This kingdom is entirely separate, classified under Prokarya due to its simpler cellular structure.

Therefore, the correct answer is c) Bacteria, as it is not included in the domain Eukarya.

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