The Gospel of John is not considered a Synoptic Gospel because it differs significantly in style, content, and theological emphasis from the Synoptic Gospels—Matthew, Mark, and Luke. The term ‘Synoptic’ comes from the Greek words ‘syn’ (together) and ‘opsis’ (view), meaning that these three gospels can be ‘seen together’ due to their similar narratives, structures, and shared content.
Here are some key reasons why John is not classified as a Synoptic Gospel:
- Narrative Structure: The Synoptic Gospels follow a similar chronological and thematic structure, often recounting the same events in a similar order. John, however, presents a different sequence of events and includes unique discourses and miracles not found in the Synoptic Gospels.
- Theological Focus: John’s Gospel has a distinct theological focus, emphasizing the divinity of Jesus and the concept of eternal life. It includes profound theological discourses, such as the ‘I am’ sayings, which are absent in the Synoptic Gospels.
- Literary Style: The literary style of John is more reflective and symbolic, often using dualities like light and darkness, truth and falsehood. This contrasts with the more straightforward narrative style of the Synoptic Gospels.
- Content: John includes unique stories and details, such as the wedding at Cana, the raising of Lazarus, and the extended Farewell Discourse. These events are not mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels.
In summary, while the Synoptic Gospels provide a more unified view of Jesus’ life and ministry, John’s Gospel offers a distinct perspective that complements and enriches the overall understanding of Jesus’ teachings and works.