Emile Durkheim is often referred to as the father of sociology due to his significant contributions to the establishment of sociology as a formal academic discipline. He was one of the first to systematically study societal structures and their influence on human behavior.
Durkheim introduced a number of key concepts and methodologies that helped to shape the field. One of his most important contributions was the idea of social facts, which are the norms, values, and structures that exist independently of individuals but exert control over them. By studying social facts, Durkheim emphasized the importance of looking at the larger societal context rather than just individual actions.
His groundbreaking work, such as ‘The Division of Labor in Society’ and ‘Suicide,’ showcased how social phenomena could be examined quantitatively and qualitatively, laying the groundwork for empirical research in sociology. Durkheim’s focus on the collective aspects of society and his belief that social order arises from shared values and norms have deeply influenced sociological thought.
Moreover, Durkheim established the idea that sociology could be studied scientifically, using objective methods to understand social life. This approach distinguished sociology from philosophy and psychology, helping it to gain recognition as a legitimate field of study. His emphasis on the social dimensions of human behavior underscores why he is often celebrated as the father of sociology.