Anaphase is the shortest stage in the cell cycle because it involves a very specific and rapid process: the separation of sister chromatids. During anaphase, the paired chromosomes, which have been aligned at the cell’s equator during metaphase, are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. This separation is driven by the shortening of microtubules attached to the chromosomes, a process that happens quickly and efficiently.
The speed of anaphase is crucial for the cell to ensure that each new cell receives an identical set of chromosomes. If this stage were prolonged, it could increase the risk of errors, such as chromosomes not separating properly, which could lead to genetic disorders. Therefore, the rapid completion of anaphase helps maintain the integrity of the genetic material and ensures the proper division of the cell.