DNA replication is a crucial process that occurs in all living organisms, allowing them to pass on genetic information. The primary reason DNA replicates is to ensure that when a cell divides, each new cell receives an exact copy of the DNA. This is essential for growth, development, and repair of tissues.
During replication, the double helix structure of DNA unwinds and separates into two strands. Each strand then serves as a template for creating a new complementary strand. This process is facilitated by various enzymes, such as DNA polymerase, which helps synthesize the new strands by adding the correct nucleotides. The result is two identical DNA molecules, each containing one original strand and one newly synthesized strand, a process often referred to as semi-conservative replication.
In summary, DNA replicates to ensure that genetic information is accurately transmitted during cell division, supporting the continuity of life and the integrity of an organism’s genetic material.