Elements form compounds primarily due to the tendency to achieve greater stability. Atoms of individual elements are often more reactive on their own and seek to minimize their energy by bonding with other atoms.
Compounds are formed when two or more elements chemically combine, resulting in properties that differ from those of the individual elements. This occurs through various types of chemical bonds—most commonly ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds form when one atom donates an electron to another, creating charged ions that attract each other. In contrast, covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms. By forming these bonds, elements can achieve a full outer electron shell, which is particularly important for stability in accordance with the octet rule.
In summary, the formation of compounds allows elements to attain a more stable electronic configuration, which is the driving force behind chemical reactions and the creation of new substances.