Anaerobic metabolism is a process that allows cells to produce energy without the need for oxygen. This type of metabolism generally involves the breakdown of glucose to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which cells use for energy. While it can be a temporary solution for energy production, it comes with significant limitations that affect our survival.
One of the main byproducts of anaerobic metabolism, particularly in muscle cells, is lactic acid. When oxygen is scarce, our bodies switch to this process, but the accumulation of lactic acid can lead to a condition called lactic acidosis, which can be harmful. This buildup lowers the pH of our blood, causing fatigue, muscle cramps, and, on a larger scale, potential organ failure if it continues for an extended period.
Moreover, anaerobic metabolism is much less efficient at producing ATP compared to aerobic respiration. While aerobic respiration yields about 36 to 38 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose, anaerobic glycolysis produces only 2 ATP. This inefficiency means that our cells cannot generate enough energy to sustain vital functions for long periods without oxygen.
Therefore, while anaerobic metabolism can provide a short burst of energy during intense exercise or in low-oxygen environments, our survival ultimately depends on aerobic processes that require oxygen. Without a sustainable source of oxygen, our energy demands cannot be met, leading to severe health consequences and eventual failure of critical bodily functions.