Trees are rare in the savanna biome primarily due to the unique environmental conditions that characterize these regions. Savannas are found in areas with a distinct wet and dry season, where the rainfall is generally insufficient to support dense forest growth.
During the dry season, there is often a lack of water, which makes it difficult for trees to thrive. The intense sunlight and high temperatures can also lead to drought conditions that stress tree species. Additionally, the frequent fires that occur in savannas play a crucial role in shaping the landscape. These fires, which can happen naturally or as a result of human activity, help to maintain open areas by preventing the establishment of young trees and shrubs.
Moreover, the herbivory pressure from large grazing animals, such as elephants and various herbivores, contributes to the scarcity of trees in savannas. These animals consume young saplings and can limit the growth and spread of tree populations.
As a result of these factors, the savanna biome is typically dominated by grasses and scattered trees, creating the iconic landscape that we associate with savannas.