The English Bill of Rights, enacted in 1689, was primarily drafted by Parliament in response to the abuses of power by King James II. It was not the work of a single author but rather a collective effort of several key figures in Parliament, most notably political leaders like William III of England, who became king following the Glorious Revolution, and members of the English Parliament who sought to establish limits on royal authority.
The document was influenced by previous legal precedents such as the Magna Carta and was designed to protect the rights of citizens and ensure a parliamentary system of governance. The Bill of Rights set forth various provisions, including the right to bear arms for self-defense, the prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment, and the establishment of free elections, thereby laying the foundation for modern democracy in England.