The Cristero War, which took place from 1926 to 1929 in Mexico, was a major armed conflict between the government and groups of religious Catholics. The war emerged as a response to President Plutarco Elías Calles’ enforcement of anti-Catholic reforms which sought to limit the influence of the Church in Mexico.
Ultimately, while the Cristeros were not able to achieve a definitive victory, the conflict ended with the government allowing some religious freedoms, marking a compromise. In this way, one could argue that the Catholic resistance managed to achieve certain objectives, even though they didn’t decisively win the war.
The war concluded with the signing of the ‘Pact of the Tabernacle’ in 1929, which permitted the reopening of churches and granted some freedoms to the clergy, although the underlying tensions between church and state remained a significant issue in Mexico for years to come.