The first queen of Egypt is often considered to be Sobekneferu, who ruled during the 12th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom (around 1806–1802 BCE). She was the daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III and is known for her significant role in ancient Egyptian history.
Sobekneferu ascended to the throne after the death of her brother, who was the pharaoh. Unlike many female rulers in ancient times, she ruled as a pharaoh in her own right, which was a remarkable achievement in a male-dominated society. Her reign was marked by a continuation of her father’s building projects and she is often associated with strong leadership.
Her name, Sobekneferu, translates to ‘Sobek is Beautiful’, linking her to the crocodile god Sobek, who was associated with fertility and the Nile. Archaeological evidence including her pyramid at Mazghuna supports her existence and reign. Sobekneferu’s contribution to the stability and culture of Egypt during her time cannot be understated, marking her as a significant figure in the history of the ancient world.