Chiaroscuro, the technique of using strong contrasts between light and dark to give the illusion of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects and figures, was not invented by a single individual. Instead, it evolved over time through the contributions of various artists.
The term itself comes from the Italian words ‘chiaro’ (light) and ‘scuro’ (dark). The technique was notably developed during the Renaissance period. Artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Caravaggio are often credited with mastering and popularizing chiaroscuro. Leonardo da Vinci used it to create a sense of depth and volume in his works, while Caravaggio employed it dramatically to enhance the emotional intensity of his paintings.
Thus, while no single person can be credited with inventing chiaroscuro, it is a technique that has been refined and brought to prominence by several influential artists throughout history.