The organs that perform both mechanical digestion and chemical digestion of food are the mouth and the stomach.
In the mouth, mechanical digestion begins when food is broken down by the teeth, which chew and grind it into smaller pieces. This process increases the surface area of the food for enzymes. At the same time, saliva, secreted by the salivary glands, contains enzymes like amylase that initiate the chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
Once food moves to the stomach, mechanical digestion continues as the stomach muscles contract to churn and mix the food with gastric juices. These juices contain hydrochloric acid and the enzyme pepsin, which chemically break down proteins. Thus, the stomach serves a dual role in digestion, effectively preparing food for further breakdown in the intestines.