The organelle responsible for transporting substances to different parts of a cell is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough ER, which is studded with ribosomes and is involved in protein synthesis and modification, and smooth ER, which plays a role in lipid synthesis and detoxification. Both types of ER are interconnected and act as a network of membranes that facilitate the movement of materials within the cell.
Once substances are synthesized or processed in the ER, they can be packaged into vesicles that bud off from the ER. These vesicles then transport the materials to the Golgi apparatus, where further modification, sorting, and packaging occur before the substances are sent to their final destinations, either inside or outside the cell. This transport system is crucial for maintaining cellular functions and ensuring that necessary components reach their appropriate sites.