To determine whether a substance is nonpolar covalent or polar, we need to look at the molecular structure and the electronegativity difference between the atoms involved. Here’s a breakdown of the substances you mentioned:
- Paraffin Wax: Nonpolar covalent. Paraffin wax is composed of long hydrocarbon chains, which are nonpolar due to the similar electronegativity of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
- Iodine (I2): Nonpolar covalent. Iodine is a diatomic molecule with identical atoms, so there is no electronegativity difference, making it nonpolar.
- Phenyl Salicylate: Polar. This compound contains polar functional groups like the ester group, which creates a dipole moment due to the difference in electronegativity between carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.
- Sucrose: Polar. Sucrose has multiple hydroxyl (-OH) groups and oxygen atoms, which create polar regions due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
- Acetaminophen: Polar. Acetaminophen contains polar functional groups such as the amide and hydroxyl groups, leading to a dipole moment.
- Ibuprofen: Polar. Ibuprofen has a carboxylic acid group, which is polar due to the electronegativity difference between oxygen and hydrogen.
- Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin): Polar. Aspirin contains polar functional groups like the carboxylic acid and ester groups, which create a dipole moment.
In summary, paraffin wax and iodine are nonpolar covalent, while phenyl salicylate, sucrose, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and acetylsalicylic acid are polar in nature.