Which of the following could be considered to be both biotic and abiotic components of an organism’s environment?

To answer this question, we need to understand the definitions of biotic and abiotic components:

• Biotic components refer to living things in an environment, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• Abiotic components refer to non-living physical and chemical factors, such as sunlight, water, temperature, and minerals.

Now, let’s analyze the options:

1. Sunlight: This is an abiotic component as it is a physical factor required for photosynthesis in plants.
2. Water: This is generally considered an abiotic factor because it is a non-living resource essential for life.
3. Temperature: This is also an abiotic component, affecting the metabolism and survival of organisms.
4. Metabolic wastes: These are produced by living organisms during metabolic processes, and while they are not living themselves, they are a byproduct of biotic activities.

Of these options, metabolic wastes can be viewed as both biotic and abiotic components. They arise from living organisms (biotic) and exist in the environment as non-living substances (abiotic).

Hence, the correct answer is d) metabolic wastes.