Answer: B) Organisms learn from the consequences of their behavior.
Explanation: Operant conditioning is a learning process first described by B.F. Skinner. It emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior. In operant conditioning, behaviors are followed by rewards or punishments, which can either increase or decrease the likelihood of that behavior being repeated. For example, if a student studies hard and receives high grades, the positive outcome reinforces their studying behavior, making it more likely they will study hard again in the future. Conversely, if a child touches a hot stove and gets burned, the negative consequence will likely deter them from repeating that action. This concept is different from classical conditioning, where organisms learn through association between stimuli rather than through consequences of their behavior.