In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), the glial cells that are found exclusively are Schwann cells and satellite cells.
Schwann Cells: These cells are primarily responsible for the formation of myelin sheaths around the axons of neurons in the PNS. Myelination is crucial for the efficient transmission of electrical impulses along the nerve fibers. Schwann cells not only support the axons but also play a role in the repair and regeneration of damaged fibers in the PNS.
Satellite Cells: These cells surround the neuron cell bodies in ganglia and are involved in providing structural support and regulating the chemical environment around the neurons. They help in nutrient supply and waste removal for the neurons they surround.
Unlike Schwann cells and satellite cells, other types of glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia are found in the central nervous system (CNS). Thus, Schwann cells and satellite cells are unique to the PNS and play essential roles in maintaining the health and functionality of peripheral nerves.