Transition elements are found in the d-block of the periodic table, spanning groups 3 to 12. They include metals such as iron, copper, nickel, and gold. These elements are notable for their ability to form variable oxidation states, colored compounds, and complex ions, which makes them unique compared to the main group elements.
The d-block is situated between the s-block elements (groups 1 and 2) and the p-block elements (groups 13 to 18). These transition metals are characterized by partially filled d-orbitals, which contribute to their chemical and physical properties.
Understanding the position of transition elements is essential for studying their behavior and applications in various chemical processes, including catalysis and material science.