Electricity becomes hazardous to humans when the current passes through the body and disrupts normal bodily functions. Several factors influence this danger:
- Current Level: The severity of electric shock increases with higher current levels. Even small currents, as low as 1 milliampere (mA), can cause discomfort, while currents above 10 mA can lead to muscle paralysis.
- Pathway Through the Body: The path the current takes through the body affects its impact. A current passing through critical areas, like the heart or brain, can be particularly dangerous.
- Voltage: High voltage can push a more significant amount of current through the body. Voltages over 50 volts are often considered dangerous, especially in wet conditions.
- Duration of Exposure: The longer the body is exposed to an electric current, the more likely it is to suffer injury. A brief touch may be harmless, but prolonged contact can be fatal.
- Environmental Conditions: Wet or conductive surfaces significantly increase the risk of electric shock. Water lowers the resistance of the skin, allowing more current to flow.
Safety measures, such as wearing rubber-soled shoes, using insulated tools, and avoiding contact with live wires, can help mitigate these risks. Understanding these factors is crucial for preventing electrical hazards in everyday situations.