During cell division, if a chromosome lacks a centromere, it faces serious consequences that can affect the distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells. The centromere serves as the attachment point for spindle fibers, which are crucial for properly segregating chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis.
Without a centromere, the chromosome cannot properly attach to the spindle apparatus. This lack of attachment means that the chromosome will likely not be pulled apart during anaphase, resulting in an unequal distribution of chromosomes. This can lead to one daughter cell receiving an extra chromosome while the other may be left with none, causing aneuploidy—a condition where the number of chromosomes is abnormal.
Furthermore, cells that experience aneuploidy often face difficulties in functioning correctly and may lead to various diseases, including cancer. In some cases, the chromosome might even be lost entirely if it cannot find a means of segregation during the division process. Overall, a chromosome without a centromere is detrimental to the cell division process and can have significant implications for the health of the resulting cells.