1864 was a notable year packed with significant events across the globe, particularly in the realms of war, politics, and social change.
One of the most prominent events was the ongoing American Civil War. In this year, General Ulysses S. Grant was appointed as the commander of the Union forces, leading crucial battles that would eventually contribute to the defeat of the Confederacy. The Siege of Petersburg began in June, marking a prolonged conflict that would last until April 1865. Another critical moment was the issuance of the National Union Army’s first income tax law, which aimed to fund the war efforts.
Across the Atlantic, 1864 also saw significant developments in Europe. The Second Schleswig War concluded with the Treaty of Vienna, which resulted in Denmark losing control over Schleswig and Holstein to Prussia and Austria. This conflict was a critical step towards German unification and shaped the future of the region.
In the realm of social reform, the year was notable for the establishment of the International Red Cross by Henry Dunant in Geneva. This organization was formed in response to the humanitarian crises resulting from armed conflicts, marking a significant evolution in how humanitarian aid was perceived and managed.
Lastly, in technology and innovation, 1864 witnessed the launch of the first practical submarine, the Resurgam, which indicated a shift towards modern naval warfare and underwater exploration.
In summary, 1864 was a transformative year that contributed to shaping modern history through military confrontations, diplomatic shifts, and social reforms.