The Federalists were particularly concerned about the tyranny of the majority. This form of tyranny occurs when a majority group uses its power to oppress a minority group, undermining their rights and freedoms. The Federalists believed that without a strong central government to mediate conflicts and protect individual rights, the whims of the majority could lead to mob rule and the erosion of liberties.
To mitigate this risk, they advocated for a system of checks and balances within the government. By dividing power among different branches and creating mechanisms for accountability, they aimed to prevent any single group from gaining too much power and thus protect the rights of all citizens, especially those in minority positions.
Politically, the Federalists were also wary of populism, which they thought could lead to hasty decisions based on emotion rather than reasoned debate. They believed that a well-structured government could help to refine and enlarge public views, ultimately leading to a more stable and equitable society.